Oceania

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Oceania (sometimes Oceanica) is a geography, often geopolitics, region consisting of numerous lands—mostly islands in the Pacific Ocean and vicinity. The exact scope of Oceania is defined variously, with interpretations often including Australia, New Zealand, New Guinea, and various islands of the Malay Archipelago. Ethnologically, the islands of Oceania are divided into the subregions of Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. "Oceania". 2005. The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Columbia University Press. Also, the term is often used in many languages to define one of the continents. World Atlas of Canada List of IOC members (122) by continent. International Olympic Committee: 112th session, Moscow 2001 Encarta Mexico "Oceanía"

Extent Originally coined by the French explorer Dumont d'Urville in 1831, Oceania has been traditionally divided into Micronesia, Melanesia, Polynesia, and Australasia. As with any region, however, #Interpretative details and controversies; increasingly, geographers and scientists divide Oceania into Near Oceania and Remote Oceania.Ben Finney, The Other One-Third of the Globe, Journal of World History, Vol. 5, No. 2, Fall, 1994

Most of Oceania consists of small island nations. Australia is the only continental country but Indonesia has land borders with Papua New Guinea, East Timor, and Malaysia.

Territories and regions

{| border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid #aaa; border-collapse:collapse"|- bgcolor="#ECECEC"! Name of territory,
with flagRegions and constituents as per :Image:United Nations geographical subregions.png except #endnote CCAU, 6. Depending on definitions, various territories cited below (notes 3, 5-7, 9) may be in Transcontinental nation Oceania and Asia or North America.
! List of countries by area
(km²)! List of countries by population
(1 July 2002 estimate)! List of countries by population density
(per km²)! CapitalThe use and scope of this term varies. The UN designation for this subregion is "Australia and New Zealand."|-| [Australia|-| [Christmas Island (Australia)Christmas Island and Cocos (Keeling) Islands are States and territories of Australia in the Indian Ocean southwest of Indonesia.
]|-| Cocos (Keeling) Islands (Australia)]|-| New ZealandNew Zealand is often considered part of Polynesia rather than Australasia.
]|-| Norfolk Island (Australia)]|-| colspan=5 style="background:#eee;" | MelanesiaExcludes Timor-Leste and parts of Indonesia, island territories in Southeastern Asia (UN region) frequently reckoned in this region.
]| align="right" | 18,270| align="right" | 856,346| align="right" | 46.9| Suva (Oceanian part only)[Indonesia is generally considered a territory of Southeast Asia (UN region); wholly or partially, it is also frequently included in Australasia or Melanesia. Figures include Indonesian portion of New Guinea (Irian Jaya) and Maluku Islands.
]|-| New Caledonia (France)]|-| Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea is often considered part of Australasia as well as Melanesia.
]|-| Solomon Islands|-| [Vanuatu|-| colspan=5 style="background:#eee;" | [Micronesia]| align="right" | 702| align="right" | 135,869| align="right" | 193.5| Palikir ([United States)| align="right" | 549| align="right" | 160,796| align="right" | 292.9| Hagåtña, Guam|-| Kiribati|-| [Marshall Islands|-| [Nauru|-| [Northern Mariana Islands (USA)]|-| PalauOn [7 October 2006, government officials moved their offices in the former capital of Koror to Melekeok, located 20 km northeast of Koror on Babeldaob.
|-| colspan=5 style="background:#eee;" | PolynesiaExcludes the U.S. state of Hawaii, which is distant from the North American landmass in the Pacific Ocean, and Easter Island, a territory of Chile in South America.
] (USA)| align="right" | 199| align="right" | 68,688| align="right" | 345.2| Pago Pago, FagatogoFagatogo is the seat of government of American Samoa.
] (New Zealand)| align="right" | 240| align="right" | 20,811| align="right" | 86.7| Avarua (France)| align="right" | 4,167| align="right" | 257,847| align="right" | 61.9| [Papeete (NZ)| align="right" | 260| align="right" | 2,134| align="right" | 8.2| [Alofi ([United Kingdom)| align="right" | 5| align="right" | 47| align="right" | 10| Adamstown, Pitcairn Island|-| Samoa|-| [Tokelau (NZ)]| align="right" | 748| align="right" | 106,137| align="right" | 141.9| [Nuku'alofa| align="right" | 26| align="right" | 11,146| align="right" | 428.7| [Funafuti (France)| align="right" | 274| align="right" | 15,585| align="right" | 56.9| [Mata-Utu

Interpretative details and controversies

Australia is sometimes not included in Oceania, although a term like Pacific Islands would normally be used to describe Oceania without Australia (and New Zealand). The term "Australasia" invariably includes Australia, and usually includes New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, and parts of Oceania, but this term is sometimes controversial outside of Australia, as it may be seen as indicating a link with Asia — a separate continent — or as too greatly emphasising Australia. "Austral" means "of, relating to, or coming from the south", and is the common root of both Australia and Australasia.
Hawaii is the northern corner of the Polynesian triangle and is generally included in Oceania, though politically it is part of the United States. The Hawaiian language is a Polynesian member of the Oceanic languages, and Hawaiian culture is one of the major cultures of Polynesia.
The few United States Minor Outlying Islands are generally considered part of Oceania.
Rapa Nui or Easter Island is the eastern corner of the Polynesian triangle, a Polynesian island in the eastern Pacific Ocean, part of the territory of Chile, and is generally included in Oceania, in which case the most easterly place in Polynesia and Oceania, is its dependency Sala y Gómez 415 km to the East.
New Zealand is the western corner of the Polynesian triangle and its indigenous Māori constitute one of the major cultures of Polynesia.
On very rare occasions the term may be stretched even further to include other Pacific island groups such as the Aleutian Islands.
The line in Indonesia dividing Oceania from Asia varies in location and is sometimes considered to be the Wallace Line. See the transcontinental country article.
Although Christmas Island and the Cocos (Keeling) Islands belong to the Commonwealth of Australia, they are west of Sumatra and commonly associated with Asia.
The Philippines, an archipelago in the Western Pacific Ocean, is sometimes included in Oceania, due to its Austronesian people, its role as the centre of the former Spanish East Indies, and as a former naval power in the Pacific when it was a territory of the United States from (1898–1946). Except for Palawan all of its larger islands lie to the East of the Wallace line
East Timor is frequently reckoned as a part of Oceania due to its geographical position to the east of the Wallace Line and its cultural ties to the Pacific people. See transcontinental_country#Countries_in_both_Asia_and_Oceania.

Ecogeography Oceania is one of eight terrestrial ecozones, which constitute the major ecological regions of the planet. The Oceania ecozone includes all of Micronesia, Fiji, and all of Polynesia except New Zealand. New Zealand, along with New Guinea and nearby islands, Australia, the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, and New Caledonia, constitute the separate Australasia ecozone.

History Sport Pacific Games The Pacific Games (formerly known as the South Pacific Games) is a multi-sport event, much like the Olympics, (albeit on a much smaller scale), with participation exclusively from countries around the South Pacific. It is held every four years and began in 1963.

Rugby codes Rugby League and Rugby Union are two of the region's most popular sports. Rugby union is the national sport of New Zealand, Samoa, Fiji and Tonga. Rugby League is the national sport in Papua New Guinea (the second most populous country in Oceania after Australia) and is very popular in Australia and has a significant following in New Zealand.

Australia has won the Rugby World Cup twice, the only nation to have done so (as of September, 2007); New Zealand won the inaugural World Cup in 1987. Australia and New Zealand jointly hosted the World Cup in 1987; Australia hosted it in 2003 and New Zealand is to host it in 2011.

Australian rules football Australian rules football is the national sport in Nauru and is most popular in Australia. It is also very popular in Papua New Guinea.

Soccer The Oceania Football Confederation (OFC) is one of six Soccer confederations under the auspices of FIFA, the international governing body of the sport. The OFC is the only confederation without an automatic qualification to the Football World Cup. Currently the winner of the OFC qualification tournament must play-off against an Asian Football Confederation side to qualify for the World Cup.

Currently Vanuatu is the only country in Oceania to call soccer its national sport.

Oceania has only been represented at three World Cup Finals—Australia national football team in Football World Cup 1974, Football World Cup 2006, and New Zealand national football team in Football World Cup 1982. However, Australia is now no longer a member of the Oceania Football Confederation, having joined the Asian Football Confederation in 2006.

See also

History of Oceania
Australasia
New Zealand
Europeans in Oceania
Australia (continent)
Pacific Islands
Pacific Islands Forum
Pacific Games
Oceania (journal)

Notes External links

Oceania at the Open Directory Project

Oceania - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Oceania (sometimes Oceanica [1]) is a geographical, often geopolitical, region consisting of numerous lands—mostly islands in the Pacific Ocean and vicinity.

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HRW WORLD ATLAS - Oceania
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